Great Pyramid of Giza | By Simple History

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Great Pyramid of Giza. Ancient Egypt 2580 through 2560 BC. Fourth dynasty. 

The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest of the ancient Egyptian pyramids and is located at El Giza, Egypt. 

In the Giza pyramid complex, there are also two other major pyramids: the Khafre and the Menkaure. 

Beginning construction on 2580 BC, the Great Pyramid was built for Pharaoh Khufu, son of Sneferu and second ruler of the fourth dynasty, as a tomb. The Greeks believed that the pharaoh used slave labor to complete the grand project. However, archaeologists have since discovered that it was built by paid, skilled workers. These manual laborers lived in a town near the construction site. The structure consists of an estimated 2.3 million stone blocks, weighing up to fifteen tons each. These were carried up and down the Nile river from a nearby quarry. During its construction, a block would have to be set every two and half minutes. It is unknown how exactly the ancient Egyptians were able to lift the heavy stone blocks to the top of the pyramid in a time before the wheel was invented. However, theories suggest that ramps were used with wooden sleds. When the pyramid was completed 20 years later it stood at 481 feet or 146.5 meters tall. It had taken 20 to 30 thousand laborers to build the structure. Inside, there are three burial chambers: the Queen's Chamber, the Grand Gallery and at the highest point in the center, the King's Chamber, containing a red, granite sarcophagus. Most of the Great Pyramid was fully looted for its treasures by the time the New Kingdom began. The Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and the only one to remain mainly intact.

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1. a large artificial hole in the ground where stone, sand, etc. is dug for use as building material
2. a large room used for formal or public events
3. complete and in the original state
4. a solid object with a square base and four triangular sides that form a point at the top
5. a large building with various connected rooms or a related group of buildings
6. (the title of) a king of ancient Egypt
7. a large stone structure or underground room where someone, especially an important person, is buried
8. very valuable things, usually in the form of a store of precious metals, precious stones, or money
9. impressive and large or important
10. a vehicle used for carrying people or goods over snow and ice, having narrow strips of wood or metal on the bottom instead of wheels.
11. done with the hands
12. of or from a very long time ago
13. to create something that has never been made before
14. an artificial slope
15. (usually of large numbers of people during a violent event) to steal from shops and houses
16. the act of putting a dead body into the ground, or the ceremony connected with this
17. a series of rulers or leaders who are all from the same family, or a period when a country is ruled by them
18. a stone coffin, often decorated, that was used in ancient times
19. a person who is legally owned by someone else and has to work for that person
20. someone who studies the buildings, graves, tools, and other objects of people who lived in the past

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