Taj Mahal | By Free School

🎧 Listen (for comprehension): Source 👉 The Story of the Taj Mahal

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Renowned worldwide for its beauty and symmetry, the Taj Mahal is the most famous landmark in India. Located near the city of Agra, the Taj Mahal attracts millions of visitors each year, who come to see its beauty and remember the romantic story of its origins. 

The Taj Mahal - its name is Persian for 'Crown of Palaces' - is an elaborate mausoleum or tomb. It was built more than 350 years ago by Emperor Shah Jahan of India as a memorial for his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who had died. Shah Jahan met his future wife when he was fifteen years old and she was fourteen, although they were not married until five years later in 1612. Their marriage was a happy one, as the two loved each other and were good friends as well. Shah Jahan gave his wife the title Mumtaz Mahal, which means 'Chosen One of the Palace,' and together they had fourteen children. It was while giving birth to her final child in 1631 that Mumtaz Mahal died. Shah Jahan was heartbroken and decided to build a memorial for his beloved wife in Agra, on the banks of the Yamuna river. 

Construction of the Taj Mahal began in 1632. It was an immense project: more than 20,000 workers were involved, and materials were transported by more than 1,000 elephants. The style of the buildings was inspired by Persian, Islamic, and Indian architecture, and the tomb was finished with huge slabs of white marble and decorated with many precious and semi-precious stones. Elaborate patterns of tile and even poems written on the walls in careful calligraphy decorated nearly every surface. The tomb took about 12 years to build, but the work was not over yet! The tomb itself is only part of a much larger complex and is surrounded by elaborate gardens with pathways and pools of water that are positioned to catch beautiful reflections. There are also minarets, a mosque, and a gateway. Construction of the rest of the complex took an additional ten years, meaning that the entire project took 22 years to build. The cost is estimated to have been 32 million Indian rupees, an equivalent of about $827 million US dollars today. It is said that Shah Jahan planned to build a second Taj Mahal across the river from the first, made completely of black marble, as his own tomb, but when his son overthrew him and rose to power the plans were discarded. Whether this is true or not, it is probably true that Shah Jahan did not plan to be buried in the Taj Mahal with his wife, but that is where his son buried him when he died. A slightly larger tomb for Shah Jahan was added next to Mumtaz Mahal's, marking the only place in the tomb that the symmetry is broken. Shah Jahan and his Queen are not actually buried in the tombs that are on display: those are empty. Instead, their bodies are buried beneath the Taj Mahal. 

Through the centuries, the Taj Mahal has survived. It has been described as 'poetry in stone', and 'a teardrop on the cheek of time,' and has been designated a World Heritage Site for being "the jewel of Muslim art in India" and a "universally admired masterpiece". Today it is a symbol of India and one of the most famous landmarks in the world, as well as an enduring symbol of a love that was meant to last forever. 

🗪 Discussion (create fun & interesting role-play): 

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✍ Vocabulary Review (find the word in the text that is suitable to each below description): 

1. famous for something
2. The quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis.
3. containing a lot of careful detail or many detailed parts
4. a building in which the bodies of dead people are buried
5. an object, often large and made of stone, that has been built to honour a famous person or event
6. (of a person) suffering from overwhelming distress; very upset.
7. extremely large in size or degree
8. to make someone feel that they want to do something and can do it
9. connected with the Muslim religion, or with people or countries who follow it
10. A large, thick, flat piece of stone, concrete, or wood, typically rectangular.
11. of great value because of being rare, expensive, or important
12. (the art of producing) beautiful writing, often created with a special pen or brush
13. a tall, thin tower on or near a mosque (= a Muslim holy building) from which Muslims are called to pray
14. a building for Islamic religious activities and worship
15. to defeat or remove someone from power, using force
16. to throw something away or get rid of it because you no longer want or need it
17. a work of art such as a painting, film, or book that is made with great skill
18. existing for a long time

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